Posts

2020 is a make-or-break year for Ethereum. This post looks at expectations for the year from the perspective of the Ethereum 2 phase 0 launch.

Ethereum 1 secures its chain using a proof of work consensus mechanism, whereas Ethereum 2 uses proof of stake. Both networks create Ether to reward participants, however this increases the total Ether supply. This article looks at the technical changes coming to the Ethereum 1 and Ethereum 2 networks that will result in both short-term and long-term changes to the total supply of Ether.

Ether on the beacon chain not actively participating in validating is a waste. This article charts the growth of inactive Ether in the first two weeks of the beacon chain.

Attestation effectiveness is a great metric to help understand how your validators are performing. This article explains what attestation effectiveness is, and how to calculate it.

Much has been written about measuring the performance of individual Ethereum 2 validators, but less about the health of the overall network. This article defines some network-level metrics that can be used to measure the health and performance.

ETH and ETH2 are often discussed as separate currencies for Ethereum 1 and Ethereum 2, respectively. But they are in fact the same asset, and it is important to recognize this.

Ethereum 2 goes live on the 1st December 2020. This article explains why this is important and what to expect in the future.

Multiple implementations of the Ethereum 2 node software exist. This article compares some of them to see if one is significantly better than the others.

An update of a previous article looking at the relative performance of beacon nodes in proposing blocks.

When Ethereum 2 goes live there will be many staking services vying to stake your funds. This article looks at some of the models they may provide, along with their risks and benefits.

The Ethereum 2 network is a massively complex entity, but a single metric encompassing its performance is very useful. This article describes such a metric.

Running an Ethereum 2 validator incurs a number of costs, which must all be considered when calculating its profitability. This post looks at the various costs involved, and how they may change as Ethereum 2 matures.

Compiling data about historical execution block rewards in an attempt to provide an expectation of future rewards.

Compiling data about historical execution block rewards in an attempt to provide an expectation of future rewards.

Net issuance on Ethereum 2 is a critical metric to understand total Ether supply. This article provides details on how to calculate its value.

Ethereum 2 deposits require two keys, which can be a cause of confusion. This explains the use and purpose of these keys.

MEV relays have been introduced to the Ethereum network recently. This article looks at their impact on block times and chain stability.

Helping client diversity is not as simple as avoiding the majority client. This article explores how Vouch allows use of majority clients without the associated risk of finalizing an invalid chain.

Attestant is a company dedicated to the business of staking.

Attestant uses their own distributed remote keymanager, providing high levels of security and availability whilst fitting neatly in to production environments. This article introduces Dirk and explains its features.

Attestant uses their own multi-node validator client, providing high levels of security and availability whilst fitting neatly in to production environments. This article introduces Vouch and explains its features.

An introduction to the Attestant Overnight Rate.

Protecting validator keys is difficult due to their dual requirements of security and accessibility. This article discusses various methods to increase both security and accessibility of validator keys.

Protecting withdrawal keys is a critical part of any Ethereum 2 staker's operations. This article discusses the use of withdrawal keys and how they can be secured with existing tools.

Many crypto ecosystems are born from times of adversity and Ethereum is no exception. This article provides some words of hope during these difficult times.

Ethereum 2's proof of stake relies on funds from Ethereum 1. This explores the process of creating staking deposits, and how they are processed by to transfer funds from one network to the other.

The merge changes how rewards are issued to validators. This article examines different sources of rewards, and how they may be accessed.

Examining the validator lifecycle in depth, showing what happens in each state and transition, what triggers transitions, and how long each transition takes.

Effective balance is a concept in Ethereum 2 staking whose understanding is critical to running a good validator. This post investigates effective balance and its impact on validators.

Understanding the process and mechanism of moving rewards from the consensus chain to the execution chain.

How to build a resilient Ethereum 2 infrastructure without duplicating keys.

Tracing the path of passwords form simple, to complex, to no longer required.

An exploration of credit risk.

An introduction to risk, in its many variations.

An introduction to the risk free rate and why it is important in financial markets.